Chinese characters : Query result

Character: 呸

Modern (Beijing) reading: pēi

Russian meaning[s]: тьфу!

Radical: 30

Four-angle index: 74

Character: 咕

Modern (Beijing) reading: gū

Russian meaning[s]: невнятно говорить, бормотать

Radical: 30

Four-angle index: 1273

Character: 咀

Modern (Beijing) reading: jǔ

Preclassic Old Chinese: ʒ́(h)aʔ

Classic Old Chinese: ʒ(h)á

Western Han Chinese: ʒ(h)á

Eastern Han Chinese: ʒ(h)já

Early Postclassic Chinese: ʒ(h)jó

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ʒ(h)jó

Late Postclassic Chinese: ʒ(h)jó

Middle Chinese: ʒjö́

English meaning : chew [LZ]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) пережевывать, разжевывать (пищу); 2) перен. разжевывать (разбирать подробно вопрос)

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Radical: 30

Four-angle index: 598

Karlgren code: 0046 u

Character: 呻

Modern (Beijing) reading: shēn

Preclassic Old Chinese: slǝn

Classic Old Chinese: l̥in

Western Han Chinese: l̥jǝn

Eastern Han Chinese: śǝn

Early Postclassic Chinese: śɨn

Middle Postclassic Chinese: śɨn

Late Postclassic Chinese: śɨn

Middle Chinese: śin

English meaning : to chant, drone [LZ]

Russian meaning[s]: стонать; стон

Radical: 30

Four-angle index: 2643

Karlgren code: 0385 g

Character: 呷

Modern (Beijing) reading: xiā

Preclassic Old Chinese: hrāp

Classic Old Chinese: hrāp

Western Han Chinese: hrāp

Eastern Han Chinese: hrāp

Early Postclassic Chinese: hạ̄p

Middle Postclassic Chinese: hạ̄p

Late Postclassic Chinese: hạ̄p

Middle Chinese: xạp

English meaning : to gulp [Han]

Radical: 0

Four-angle index: 0

Go-on: kefu

Kan-on: kafu

Japanese reading: kyō;kō;aoru

Character: 咄

Modern (Beijing) reading: duō

Preclassic Old Chinese: tūt

Classic Old Chinese: twǝ̄t

Western Han Chinese: twǝ̄t

Eastern Han Chinese: twǝ̄t

Early Postclassic Chinese: twǝ̄t

Middle Postclassic Chinese: twǝ̄t

Late Postclassic Chinese: twǝ̄t

Middle Chinese: tot

English meaning : [LZ]

Russian meaning[s]: междометие ах!, ой!

Radical: 30

Four-angle index: 1009

Karlgren code: 0496 h

Character: 咒

Modern (Beijing) reading: zhòu

Russian meaning[s]: 1) проклинать; проклятье; 2) заговаривать, заклинать; заговор, заклинание

Radical: 30

Four-angle index: 7374

Character: 咆

Modern (Beijing) reading: páo

Russian meaning[s]: орать; реветь, рычать

Radical: 30

Four-angle index: 7101

Character: 呼

Modern (Beijing) reading: hū

Preclassic Old Chinese: swā

Classic Old Chinese: w̥ā

Western Han Chinese: w̥ā

Eastern Han Chinese: w̥ā

Early Postclassic Chinese: hōw

Middle Postclassic Chinese: hǝ̄w

Late Postclassic Chinese: hǝ̄w

Middle Chinese: xo

English meaning : to call, shout; call on, ask

Russian meaning[s]: 1) кричать; звать; 2) выдыхать; дыхание; 3) звукоподражание свисту ветра; 4) Ху (фамилия)

Comments: Also read *swā-s, MC xò id. Regular Sino-Viet. is hô.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 30

Four-angle index: 3245

Karlgren code: 0055 h-i

Vietnamese reading: hò

Character: 咐

Modern (Beijing) reading: fù

Russian meaning[s]: приказать, распорядиться; велеть

Radical: 30

Four-angle index: 3124

Character: 呱

Modern (Beijing) reading: gū

Preclassic Old Chinese: kʷā

Classic Old Chinese: kwā

Western Han Chinese: kā

Eastern Han Chinese: kā

Early Postclassic Chinese: kō

Middle Postclassic Chinese: kō

Late Postclassic Chinese: kō

Middle Chinese: ko

English meaning : be wailing

Radical: 0

Four-angle index: 0

Karlgren code: 0041 b

Character: 呶

Modern (Beijing) reading: naó

Preclassic Old Chinese: nrū

Classic Old Chinese: nrū

Western Han Chinese: ṇǝ̄w

Eastern Han Chinese: ṇǝ̄w

Early Postclassic Chinese: ṇǝ̣̄w

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ṇạ̄w

Late Postclassic Chinese: ṇạ̄w

Middle Chinese: ṇạw

English meaning : be disorderly, clamoring

Comments: Also written with the "heart" radical. Probably related to 鬧 q.v.

Radical: 0

Four-angle index: 0

Character: 和

Modern (Beijing) reading: hé

Preclassic Old Chinese: ghʷāj

Classic Old Chinese: ghwāj

Western Han Chinese: wāj

Eastern Han Chinese: wǟ

Early Postclassic Chinese: wā

Middle Postclassic Chinese: wā

Late Postclassic Chinese: wā

Middle Chinese: ɣwâ

English meaning : be harmonious, concordant, well blended

Russian meaning[s]: 1) мир, согласие; мирный; дружественный; согласный; соответствовать; 2) мягкий, умеренный; теплый; умерять, смягчать; 3) сумма, в сумме; составлять, равняться; 4) японский; Япония; 5) Хэ (фамилия); [hè] гармония; гармоничный; петь хором; [huò] месить; смешивать; смешанный; приправлять; [hè] 1) соединительный союз (между подлежащими или дополнениями) и; 2) с

Comments: For *ghʷ- cf. Jianou o². Also read *ghʷāj-s, MC ɣwầ, Mand. hè, Viet. họa 'to respond in singing, join in'. In Viet. cf. perhaps also hùa 'to follow, imitate'.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 30

Four-angle index: 1082

Karlgren code: 0008 e-j

Go-on: wa

Kan-on: kuwa

Japanese reading: wa;yawaragu;yawarageru;nagomu;nagoyaka

Vietnamese reading: hòa

Character: 咚

Modern (Beijing) reading: dong

Radical: 0

Four-angle index: 0

Character: 呢

Modern (Beijing) reading: ní

Preclassic Old Chinese: n(h)rǝj

Classic Old Chinese: n(h)rǝj

Western Han Chinese: ṇ(h)ǝj

Eastern Han Chinese: ṇ(h)ǝj

Early Postclassic Chinese: ṇ(h)ij

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ṇ(h)ij

Late Postclassic Chinese: ṇ(h)i

Middle Chinese: ṇi

English meaning : wool, felt [Song]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) шерстяная ткань; сукно; 2) звукоподражание щебету птиц; [-ne] конечная частица предложений, содержащих утверждение, предположение или альтернативный вопрос, а также неполных вопросительных предложений (без сказуемого)

Comments: The character is attested only since Tang; besides the meaning 'wool, felt', it is also used as an onomatopoeic word (for birds' chirping), as well as (with a reading Mand. ne, Viet. nê) as a phrase-final interrogative particle. Viet. ni` is colloquial; the standard Sino-Viet. reading is ni.

Radical: 30

Four-angle index: 7000

Vietnamese reading: ni`

Character: 周

Modern (Beijing) reading: zhōu

Preclassic Old Chinese: tu

Classic Old Chinese: tu

Western Han Chinese: tǝw

Eastern Han Chinese: ćǝw

Early Postclassic Chinese: ćiw

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ćǝw

Late Postclassic Chinese: ćǝw

Middle Chinese: ćǝw

English meaning : to encircle; circle, bend (of the road); everywhere

Russian meaning[s]: 1) обращаться; оборот, круг; цикл; 2) вокруг; кругом; объезжать вокруг; повсюду, везде; древн. изгиб, излучина; 3) полный, исчерпывающий; скрупулезный, точный; 4) помогать, оказывать поддержку; выручать; 5) Чжоу (династия 1122 - 247 гг. до н. э.); 6) Чжоу (фамилия)

Shuowen gloss: 密也.從用口. [58]

Comments: The rhymes in Shijing are contraversial and make us suspect that the word originally had two readings:

a) *tu with the meaning 'curve (of the road), circle (of the road)' (cf. the rhyme in 123.2);

b) *tiw with the meaning 'Zhou' (territory, state and dynasty) (cf. the rhyme in 153.2).

The latter meaning was probably the original meaning of the graph (although the Shuowen gloss is somewhat obscure), and it explains why the 周 series basically contains *-iw-words, as well as the loan-usage of 周 instead of 彫 *tīw 'carve' in early inscriptions (see Schüssler 128). The former meaning (etymologically probably = 州洲 *tu q.v.) led to occasional confusion of the signs 周 and 舟 *tu in Shijing, as well as to the presence of some *-u-words in the 周 phonetic series. For etymology see 州 (cf. especially Tib. lam-mdo 'end of the road or its juncture with another' = OC 道周).

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 13

Four-angle index: 3797

Karlgren code: 1083 a-e

Shijing occurrences: 3.1

Character: 咋

Modern (Beijing) reading: zhà

Preclassic Old Chinese: ʒ́(h)rāks

Classic Old Chinese: ʒ(h)rāh

Western Han Chinese: ʒ̣(h)āh

Eastern Han Chinese: ʒ̣(h)āh

Early Postclassic Chinese: ʒ̣(h)ọ̄̀

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ʒ̣(h)ọ̄̀

Late Postclassic Chinese: ʒ̣(h)ọ̄̀

Middle Chinese: ʒ̣ạ̀

English meaning : hurriedly, suddenly [LZ]

Russian meaning[s]: пока, временно; [zé] 1) громкий крик; вскрикнуть; 2) прикусить

Comments: = 乍

Radical: 30

Four-angle index: 2026

Karlgren code: 0806 f

Character: 命

Modern (Beijing) reading: mìng

Preclassic Old Chinese: mriŋs

Classic Old Chinese: mriŋh

Western Han Chinese: mriŋh

Eastern Han Chinese: mriŋh

Early Postclassic Chinese: mìŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: mìŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: mìŋ

Middle Chinese: mä̀iŋ

English meaning : to order, command, appoint; order, degree, charge, mandate

Russian meaning[s]: 1) приказ; указ, декрет; распоряжение, приказание; приказывать, предписывать; командовать; заставлять; 2) судьба, участь; удел; рок; судьбы страны; 3) жизнь; 4) называть; обозначать

Comments: Also used metaphorically: '(heavenly) order' > 'fate, lot, life'. Viet. mạng is colloquial; standard Sino-Viet. is mệnh. Min forms reflect *m-: Xiamen mia⁶, biŋ⁶, Chaozhou mia⁶, Fuzhou, Jianou miaŋ⁶. The word regularly rhymes in *-in(h) in Shijing, hence the reconstruction *mriŋ-s for Early Zhou.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 30

Four-angle index: 2085

Karlgren code: 0762 a-b

Vietnamese reading: mạng

Shijing occurrences: 21.1, 21.2, 50.3, 51.3_

Character: 咎

Modern (Beijing) reading: jiù

Preclassic Old Chinese: ghuʔ

Classic Old Chinese: ghú

Western Han Chinese: ghǝ́w

Eastern Han Chinese: ghǝ́w

Early Postclassic Chinese: ghíw

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ghǝ́w

Late Postclassic Chinese: ghǝ́w

Middle Chinese: gǝ́w

English meaning : blame, fault

Russian meaning[s]: 1) бедствие; 2) проступок; преступление; вина; 3) обвинять, порицать

Comments: For *gh- cf. Fuzhou kheu⁵ (reflecting *ghuʔ-s).

Radical: 30

Four-angle index: 1411

Karlgren code: 1068 a-b

Shijing occurrences: 58.2

Character: 固

Modern (Beijing) reading: gù

Preclassic Old Chinese: kā(ʔ)s

Classic Old Chinese: kāh

Western Han Chinese: kāh

Eastern Han Chinese: kāh

Early Postclassic Chinese: kā̀

Middle Postclassic Chinese: kā̀

Late Postclassic Chinese: kā̀

Middle Chinese: kò

English meaning : secure, make sure; strong, firm

Russian meaning[s]: 1) крепкий, прочный, твердый; старый; 2) упорный, упрямый; закоренелый; 3) твердо, настойчиво, энергично; упрямо; 4) укреплять, утверждать; 5) несомненно, бесспорно, безусловно, правда; 6) нарочно, намеренно

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 31

Four-angle index: 1838

Karlgren code: 0049 f